The major psychoactive plants
The major psychoactive factors include many
substances, generally of plant origin. Below is a list of the main
synthetic plants that have been used historically and psychoactive compounds
extracted from them ends.
1. Poppy ( Papaver somniferum )
is a herbaceous flowering plant from which opium-bearing seeds are
obtained. It contains several active substances with psychoactive
properties: morphine (from which heroin is extracted), codeine and others.
2. Hemp ( Cannabis sativa ),
also improperly called marijuana, is a, native to southern Asia shrubby plant,
which has psychoactive alkaloids with well defined properties. Hashish is
obtained.from cannabis
3. Peyote ( peyote ) is a
cactus whose main active ingredient is mescaine. The peyote grows in arid
subtropical areas of North America.
4. Teonanacatl ( Mexican
Psilocybe and Stropharia cubensis ) is formed by several species
of psychoactive mushrooms that grow in the mountains of Mesoamerica (Oaxaca,
Chiapas, Guatemala). They contain psilocybin and psilocin
5. Fly agaric ( Amanita
muscaria ) is a psychoactive mushroom that grows in the Nordic and
temperate mountain forests in Eurasia. It contains muscarine and muscimol.
6. Ayahuasca is an infusion prepared from a
vine that grows in the Amazonian region. This vine called
Banisteriopsis caapi contains
harmina13 (C 13 H 12 N 2 O), an
alkaloid with strong sicoativas properties.
7. Ergot ( Claviceps purpurea )
is a fungus that parasites rye, wheat and other grasses. It is strongly
psychoactive and has significant toxicity that can be removed in its
preparation. It is of Eurasian or North African origin. It contains
several psychoactive alkaloids including lysergic acid, closely related to
LSD-25 (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) the known synthetic psychedelic compound.
8. Ololiuhqui ( Turbina
corymbosa ), also called “seeds of the Virgin” is a vine found in Mexico
whose seeds have visionary properties.Like the ergot alkaloids lysergic acid
containing, with strongly psychoactive character.
9. Aguacolla, also called San Pedro or
giant ( Trichocereus pachanoi ) is a large-sized cactus
(5-8 meters high) that grows in central and northwestern South Andes (Ecuador,
Peru) America. Just as the peyote contains mescaline.
10. Coca is a very bushy plant of the Andean
foothills in South America whose leaves contain numerous alkaloids, including
cocaine.
11. Tobacco is a shrub native American origin
grown in most of the native societies. It has several alkaloids, including
nicotine.
12 Beleño ( Hyoscyamus niger ) is
a herb of the family Solanaceae characteristic of Europe and the Mediterranean
region. It contains tropane alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and
scopolamine. The latter has visionary properties.
13. Belladonna ( Atropa belladonna )
is a typical European continent herbaceous plant of the family Solanaceae,
which contains several tropane alkaloids including hyoscyamine and scopolamine.
14. Mandragora ( Mandragora
officinarum ) is a herbaceous plant of European origin that has a thick
and irregular root of anthropomorphic appearance. It contains several
tropane alkaloids including hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine and
mandragorina.
15. Iboga ( Tabernanthe iboga ) is a
shrub of Central Africa whose roots are used for its visionary
properties. It is a species of milkweed family, consisting of shrubs and
trees characterized by their simple leaves, colorful flowers and a milky
juice. It contains ibogaine and 11 more indole-alkaloids.
16.Syrian rue ( Peganum harmala ) is a
small shrub native to the desert areas of the Mediterranean East. It
contains beta-carboline alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline and harmine
tetrahydro-with visionary properties.
17. Datura ( Datura inoxia ) is a
perennial herb that can reach more than 1 m high that grows in Mexico. The
root is used, seeds and leaves lesser extent. It contains scopolamine and
hyoscyamine.
There are many other plants rich in
alkaloids. Some of them are commonly used in industrial preparations and
mass consumption (coffee, tea, chocolate, kola, mate, etc.) (see Chapter
6). Others are known only locally. Surely there are many whose
properties are unknown. A complete list would include several thousand species.
From "Peoples, Drugs and Serpents", Danilo Anton, Piriguazu Ediciones
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